Human cancer cell lines are invaluable tools in cancer research, playing a pivotal role in signalling the complexities of tumor biology, investigating signalling pathways, drug discovery, and exploring immunotherapy approaches. Despite their limitations, they have significantly contributed to our understanding of cancer and have been instrumental in the development of new treatments. The emergence of advanced technologies, such as organoid cultures, organ-on-a-chip systems, and single-cell analysis, holds great promise for overcoming the limitations of traditional cell line models and providing more physiologically relevant platforms. These advancements have the potential to revolutionize cancer research, enhance our understanding of tumor heterogeneity, and pave the way for personalized medicine. With ongoing improvements in standardization and quality control, human cancer cell lines will continue to be indispensable in driving future advancements and improving patient outcomes in the battle against cancer.

About 1 2% of population in western European white people are resistant to hiv-1 infection due to modified gene of ccr5 receptor molecule. Modification of ccr5 receptor gene blocks the virion molecule to enter into the host cell. Mutations gene lead to slow progress rate of infection and low expression of cd4 + T cell. The hypothesis of researcher is that the modified allogeneic transplant with modified M303/M303 gene in ccr5 leads to resistant for HIV and AIDS patient. Deletion of gene in ccr5 receptor develops the ability of resistant with HIV-1. Down regulation of ccr5 receptor with macrophages T cell reduce the immune response and lead to slow progressive rate of infection. Different gene-editing methods are involved in ccr5 gene editing such as TALEN, ZFN, and CRISP/Cas. Mutant gene transplant in ccr5 receptor prevent the further exposure of dangerous retrovirus. As comparison of heterogeneous and homogenous .The heterogeneous analogues has more resistance as compare to homogenous genetic order. Chemokine and inflammatory mediator are the less active in heterogeneous. The homozygous mutation in ccr5 gene (ccr5∆32) base pair deletion induces nonfunctional ccr5 receptor and heterogonous mutation has resistant of HIV 1 and slow progressive effect

Introduction: The Adivasi, often referred to as Indigenous people or original inhabitants, constitute approximately 17 million prospective tribes in India. The term “designated Tribe” holds a legal designation. According to the 2011 census, the number of planned tribes in India is 104,281,034, which equals 8.6% of India’s total population. This paper aims to examine the health profile of Tribals in 3 ITDA spots of Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh. Objectives: The main aim of the study was to assess the health profile and shed light on the top 10 diseases prevalent in the 3 selected ITDA spots of Kurnool district, as well as to promote the Unani system through mobile medical camps under the Tribal Sub Plan (TSP). Additionally, it aims to analyse the health profile and determinants of tribes in the study area. Methodology: This study focuses on the health profile of the 3 ITDA spots based on OPD data, including the distribution of patients by sex and age groups, and identifying the top 10 common diseases in these areas. Results: A total of 2583 individuals attended the OPD of the 3 ITDA spots in the year 2022-2023. Among them, the top 10 diseases were identified, and their distribution by sex and age group was analysed. Conclusion: The present study revealed that most of the tribals in the study area suffered from Sual o surfa (Cough), Sardi wa Zukam (Common cold & coryza), and Humma (Fever), which are common in the 3 ITDA spots, followed by Warm I Halaq (Pharyngitis), Suda (Headache), and Polyarthritis.

Introduction: A tribe is a self-contained, homogeneous group that exists independently of any hierarchical system. According to the 2011 census, 10.42 crore Indians are identified as ‘Scheduled Tribes’, comprising 8.6% of the country’s total population and 11.3% of the rural population. Tribal habitations are scattered across vast areas with limited access to basic health necessities, rendering them vulnerable to various health hazards. This article focuses on demographic profiles such as age, gender, caste, religion, marital status, educational status, occupation, dietary habits, and addiction, enabling an assessment of the socio-economic and health status of tribal groups in the specified area. Objectives: The main objectives of the study were to conduct a socio-demographic survey, promote knowledge on disease prevention, and provide healthcare and free medication facilities through Unani medicine via mobile medical camps. Methodology: The study was conducted in six Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) spots inhabited by the Sugali or Lambada tribe of Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, characterized by low socio-economic status. Data was collected through door-to-door surveys and a pre-designed questionnaire provided by CCRUM. Results: A total of 3755 individuals were screened, of which 450 were selected for data collection. Among the 450 individuals, the majority were males (253 i.e., 56.22%) belonging to the Hindu religion, with 98.44% being Scheduled Tribes. Educational status was average, with 63.33% being illiterate. More than half of the individuals (51.55%) were married, and the majority (52.66%) were agricultural laborers, with almost all being non-vegetarians. Additionally, 26% of individuals were addicted to smoking. Conclusion: Common challenges faced by the Sugali tribes of Kurnool district include lack of resources, industrialization, and socio-economic factors such as illiteracy. These factors contribute to poverty, malnutrition, and various physical and psychological disorders among tribal communities.