ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Syed Nazar Raza*, Naziya Yasmin, Akhtar Jahan, Bushra Noori, Alvina, Mohd Aabid, Hammad Zaki
Publication Date: 2026/06/27
DOI: 10.59551/DOI: 10.59551/IJHMP/25832069/2026.7.1.141
Abstract
<p>Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents a leading etiology of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality on a global scale. Echocardiography is a non-invasive, widely accessible imaging modality that enables comprehensive evaluation of cardiac structure and function in patients with established CAD.</p>
<p>Objectives: This investigation aimed to characterize echocardiographic alterations—specifically regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)—in a consecutive cohort of CAD patients presenting to tertiary care facilities in Delhi.</p>
<p>Methods: A cross-sectional observational design was employed, enrolling 95 consecutive patients (age >45 years) with confirmed CAD across three tertiary care institutions. Each participant underwent standard transthoracic echocardiography. RWMA pattern, segmental involvement, and LVEF were systematically documented. Statistical comparisons used Chi square and Student’s t-test/Mann-Whitney U test; significance was set at p < 0.05.</p>
<p>Results: RWMA were detected in 69 of 95 patients (72.6%). Mid and apical septal–anterior territories were most frequently involved. LVEF was reduced (<45%) in the majority of RWMA-positive patients, reaching nadir values of 15–20% in severely affected cases. Comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) co-occurred in 44.2% of participants and correlated significantly with RWMA prevalence (χ² = 8.76, p = 0.003).</p>
<p>Conclusion: Echocardiography reliably identifies RWMA and depressed LVEF in CAD patients, with diagnostic accuracy of 80–90%. These findings reinforce its role as a first-line functional imaging modality in CAD evaluation.</p>
<p>KEYWORDS: Coronary Artery Disease, Echocardiography, Regional wall Motion Abnormality, Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, Ischemic Heart Disease.</p>
References
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